[94][L], In 2009 the British prime minister, Gordon Brown, had a meeting with the Argentine president, Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner, and said that there would be no further talks over the sovereignty of the Falklands. [118], The islands are frequented by marine mammals, such as the southern elephant seal and the South American fur seal, and various types of cetaceans; offshore islands house the rare striated caracara. )$125 million (2004 est. [113], The economy of the Falkland Islands is ranked the 222nd largest out of 229 in the world by GDP (PPP), but ranks 5th worldwide by GDP (PPP) per capita. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 160 (2021 est. [28], The British and Spanish settlements coexisted in the archipelago until 1774, when Britain's new economic and strategic considerations led it to voluntarily withdraw from the islands, leaving a plaque claiming the Falklands for King George III. [52] The high cost of importing materials, combined with the shortage of labour and consequent high wages, meant the ship repair trade became uncompetitive. WebThe Falkland Islands have a GDP of $164.5 million, and a per capita GDP of $70,800 (2015 estimate) compared with the United Kingdom GDP per capita of $35,200 (2009 estimate). There are a primary and a secondary school at Stanley and several smaller schools in rural areas. [26] In April 1982, Argentine military forces invaded the islands. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. [42] The convention covers Southern Ocean ecosystem which is generally accepted as being south of approximately 50 to 55S. It lies about 300 miles (480 km) northeast of the southern tip of South America and a similar distance east of the Strait of Magellan. The report was approved by ExCo earlier today and provides an overview of the economy up until the end of 2020. [62] After the war the UK expanded its military presence, building RAF Mount Pleasant and increasing the size of its garrison. Four-fifths of the population lives in Stanley. ), total subscriptions: 6,000 (2021 est. [137] The main international airport, located at RAF Mount Pleasant on East Falkland, provides flights to RAF Brize Norton in the UK and mainland South America. These days, the island chain has a stable economy and population and is keen to assert its independence free of unwanted Argentine influence. [39] The Argentine Confederation (headed by Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas) protested against Britain's actions,[40][G] and Argentine governments have continued since then to register official protests against Britain. It is home to the Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust, a museum devoted to the islands history. As outlined in the Falkland Islands constitution (2009), the governor is advised by an Executive Council consisting of three of the elected members of the Legislative Assembly and two ex officio, nonvoting members (the chief executive and the director of finance). [111] Strong westerly winds and cloudy skies are common. Age structure 0-14 The small rivers occupy broad, peat-covered valleys. Almost the whole area of the two main islands, outside of Stanley, is devoted to sheep farming. Most of the fishing takes place in water up to 200 metres (660ft) deep on this spur or on the Burdwood Bank - another spur lying on an undersea ridge to the south of the Falkland Islands and separated from the islands by a deep channel known as the Falklands Trough. The pattern of living on the islands is sharply differentiated between Stanley and the small, isolated sheep-farming communities. [63] Two months later, on 6 May 2010, when Rockhopper Exploration announced that "it may have struck oil",[64] Argentina's Foreign Minister warned that his country would take all possible lawful steps to impede British oil exploration and production there. [9] The contributors to the GDP by sector (2010 forecast) are: [10] Fisheries 52.5% Government (including health and education) 14.0% ), installed generating capacity: 11,000 kW (2020 est. Argentina considers that, in 1833, the UK established an "illegal occupation" of the Falklands after expelling Argentine authorities and settlers from the islands with a threat of "greater force" and, afterwards, barring Argentines from resettling the islands. [121] Introduced species include reindeer, hares, rabbits, Patagonian foxes, brown rats, and cats.

In parallel, there are on-going investigations into other forms of renewable energy for remote locations on the islands.[80]. ), mollusks, fish, wool, sheep/goat meats, engine parts (2019), United Kingdom 79%, Netherlands 16% (2019), refined petroleum, spark-ignition engines, stone processing machinery, construction vehicles, cars (2019), Falkland pounds (FKP) per US dollar -0.7836 (2017 est. [M] A 2012 report counted 1,300 uniformed personnel and 50 British Ministry of Defence civil servants present in the Falklands. An update of the first appraisal drill was released on Monday 21 March 2011 indicating a significant reservoir package with a downhole mini Drill Stern Test flowing oil at better rates then the September 2010 flow test: confidence in the commerciality of the Sea Lion discovery has been increased by this first appraisal. [3] An islander told the BBC that "we were the luckiest people that was ever mixed up in a war",[4] and British diplomats joked that the Falklands should have a monument to Leopoldo Galtieri, the Argentinean dictator who invaded the islands. Falkland Islands War, also called Falklands War, Malvinas War, or South Atlantic War, a brief undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and associated island dependencies. WebEconomy - overview: The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but fishing and tourism currently comprise the bulk of economic activity. )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. The coastal topography features many drowned river valleys that form protected harbours. This zone was later to become the Falklands Inner Conservation Zone (FICZ). 19 million kWh (2016 est.

[10] Tourism forms a significant part of this figure with land-based visitors expected to contribute 2.7 million to the Islands' economy in 2010. [140] The Falkland-born population are also descended from English and French people, Gibraltarians, Scandinavians, and South Americans. Several hundred thousand sheep are kept on the islands, producing several thousand tons of wool annually as well as some mutton. WebThe Policy & Economic Development Unit is responsible for: Co-ordinating the Government's economic policies and monitoring the effectiveness of public spending in achieving the Government's economic goals; Improving the Government's capacity to address strategic, cross-cutting issues; It has been estimated that this species needs a stock biomass of 40000tonnes to produce a sustainable harvest of 3000tonnes per annum and is now reflected as a separate entry in the tables below. One of their prime activities was the monitoring of the Illex spawning stock biomass (SSB). [146] The islands' age distribution is skewed towards working age (2060). [15] The base flock are Corriedale and Polwarth breeds with Dohne Merino, South African Meat Merinos, Afrinos and other breeds having been introduced to improve the fineness of wool and meat characteristics. ), 25.5% (2015 est. The Falkland Islands government pays for older students to attend institutions of higher education, usually in the United Kingdom. [67][K] The road network was also made more extensive, and the construction of RAF Mount Pleasant allowed access to long haul flights. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )services: 38.4% (2015 est. [57] However, in 2007 Argentina unilaterally withdrew from the agreement. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. There are no longer any land mammals indigenous to the Falklands, the wild fox being extinct. [14] These restrictions effectively give the British Government the ability to prevent the island's government from declaring the islands to be a tax haven or from establishing a central bank. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 5, total: 22,438 to 3,047 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 440 km (2008)paved: 50 km (2008)unpaved: 390 km (2008), total: 2by type: general cargo 1, other 1 (2021), defense is the responsibility of the UK, which maintains about 1,200 troops on the islands, Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks, about Photos of Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Students aged 16 or older may study at colleges in England for their GCE Advanced Level or vocational qualifications. The Falkland Islands (/f(l)klnd, flk-/;[5] Spanish: Islas Malvinas [izlaz malinas]) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The voting age is 18. Falkland Islands, also called Malvinas Islands or Spanish Islas Malvinas, internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean. [45] Vernet's deputy, the Scotsman Matthew Brisbane, returned to the islands that year to restore the business, but his efforts ended after, amid unrest at Port Louis, gaucho Antonio Rivero led a group of dissatisfied individuals to murder Brisbane and the settlement's senior leaders; survivors hid in a cave on a nearby island until the British returned and restored order. Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. [33] The catch for the 2010 season in the Falklands recovered to 12105tonnes, but still the fourth lowest since the beginning of the licensing system. Initially there were seven classes of licence, but as of the 2009 season, this was increased to ten classes of licence. In 2006, a Spanish vessel on an exploratory trawl found commercial quantities of grenadiers (Macrourus spp., Coelorhynchus spp.) 5142S 5751W / 51.700S 57.850W / -51.700; -57.850 (Stanley). )refined petroleum consumption: 300 bbl/day (2019 est. There is a ferry link between East and West Falkland. [26] In 1766, France surrendered its claim on the Falklands to Spain, which renamed the French colony Puerto Soledad the following year. In South America the islands are generally known as Islas Malvinas, because early French settlers had named them Malouines, or Malovines, in 1764, after their home port of Saint-Malo, France. )solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The island's government has plans to install a 2MWh battery storage system which will allow surplus wind energy to be stored. [81] The islands' judicial system, overseen by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, is largely based on English law,[82] and the constitution binds the territory to the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights. [40], With the establishment of the FICZ, the Falklands Fisheries Department issued licences that enable foreign vessels to fish in Falklands waters. Falkland Islander 48.3%, British 23.1%, St. Helenian 7.5%, Chilean 4.6%, mixed 6%, other 8.5%, unspecified 2% (2016 est.) [9] The contributors to the GDP by sector (2010 forecast) are: [10] Fisheries 52.5% Government (including health and education) 14.0% It then diversified and now has income from tourism, commercial fishing , and servicing the fishing industry as well as agriculture. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). )percent of population: 99% (2019 est. [70] Oil will be transferred from the FPSO vessel to shuttle oil tankers. [110], The climate of the islands is cold, windy, and humid maritime. [135] Tourism, part of the service economy, has been spurred by increased interest in Antarctic exploration and the creation of direct air links with the United Kingdom and South America. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. The islands vegetation is low and dense in a landscape with no natural tree growth. ), Installed nameplate capacity of electric generation, The Falkland Islands do not have a central bank but the Standard Chartered Bank has a single branch in Stanley that offers retail, commercial and wholesale banking facilities.[13]. In October 1877, the Secretary of State of the Colonial Office, the Earl of Carnarvon began the process of application for the Falkland Islands to join the General Postal Union (renamed Universal Postal Union in 1879). Each class of licence has its own characteristics species or combination of species that may be taken, net sizes that may be used and seasons when the licence is valid. This is the truth about the Falkland Islands and who owns them today. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. [7] The Viscount's title originates from the town of Falkland, Scotlandthe town's name probably comes from a Gaelic term referring to an "enclosure" (lann),[A] but it could less plausibly be from the Anglo-Saxon term "folkland" (land held by folk-right). Key revenue streams include income from the fisheries sector, tourism, agriculture, and the retail and service sectors plus income from the investment of Government reserves and pension funds. [102] The archipelago consists of two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. )hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [141], In the 2012 census, most islanders identified themselves as Christian (66 per cent), followed by those with no religious affiliation (32 per cent). [75], Governor Alison Blake was appointed in July 2022[76] and Chief Executive Andy Keeling was appointed in April 2021. [72] Under the 2009 Constitution, the islands have full internal self-government; the UK is responsible for foreign affairs, retaining the power "to protect UK interests and to ensure the overall good governance of the territory". Tourism, especially ecotourism, grew rapidly beginning in the early 21st century to become another leading sector of the economy. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, but the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. [145] Falklanders still use some terms and place names from the former Gaucho inhabitants. The unemployment rate was 1% in 2016, and inflation was calculated at 1.4% in 2014. [145] Wagstaff describes local cuisine as "very British in character with much use made of the homegrown vegetables, local lamb, mutton, beef, and fish". Coins for local use were first struck in 1974 and are the same size as the corresponding British coins. The Falkland Islands real GDP increased by 14.6% between 2007 and 2018, equivalent to a compound annual growth rate of 1.2%, according to the report. [130] Since the end of the Falklands War in 1982, the islands' economic activity increasingly focused on oil field exploration and tourism. In 1987, the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. The wells will be arranged in clusters of 6 wells per drill centre. If the SSB drops below a threshold of 40000tonnes the SAFC recommend will early closure of the fishing season. [119] Endemic fish around the islands are primarily from the genus Galaxias. The two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland, and about 200 smaller islands form a total land area nearly as extensive as the U.S. state of Connecticut. In the First World War Battle of the Falkland Islands in December 1914 a Royal Navy fleet defeated an Imperial German squadron. Since 2003 the relative premium commanded by higher quality wool has increased with coarser wool missing out on the high prices in 2008. The principal islands are about 300mi (480km) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about 752mi (1,210km) from Cape Dubouzet at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of about 52S. The islands nominal GDP, however, increased by 140% (8.3% [122] Several of these species have harmed native flora and fauna, so the government has tried to contain, remove or exterminate foxes, rabbits and rats. [33]

Surrounded by the South Atlantic and separated from Great Britain by some 13,000km, the Falkland Islands are a series of rugged, windswept islands located between Patagonia and South Georgia. [33] By 2002 the license revenue was so great that the island government had no debt and had built up more than 80 million in savings.[3]. The outbreak of conflict [71] Each year thereafter the production date has been pushed back another year. Sporting activities are popular on the islands and include bird-watching, fishing, and horseback riding. [45], The table below shows the average catch in tonnes of various species (as categorised by FIFD - Falkland Island Fishing Department) for successive five-year periods. The Falklands governed these territories as the Falkland Islands Dependencies starting in 1908, and retained them until their dissolution in 1985. Before leaving for the Falklands Vernet stamped his grant at the British Consulate, repeating this when Buenos Aires extended his grant in 1828. Falklands' GDP in 2018 reached 254.7 million with a real growth rate of 3,9% MercoPress Falklands' GDP in 2018 reached 254.7 million with a real growth rate of 3,9% Saturday, February 6th 2021 - 07:15 UTC Full article In 2018 fishing remained as the largest economic activity in the Falkland Islands, accounting for 64% of nominal GDP In its wake, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty signed by 24 nations and covering the area that includes most of the Falkland Islands waters, came into force in 1982,[41] having been signed by the United Kingdom on 31 August 1981 and Argentina on 28 May 1982. )0.6542 (2016 est. Key revenue streams include income from the fisheries sector, tourism, agriculture, and the retail and service sectors plus income from the investment of Government reserves and pension funds. By the Falklands War of 1982 sheep farming was the islands' only industry[3] and their economic viability was in doubt, but after the war there was a new commitment from the Government of the United Kingdom. )forest: 0% (2018 est. Population: 3,198 Population per km: 0.263 Currency The currency on the Falkland Islands is the Falklands pound (FKP). [48] For more than a century, the Falkland Islands Company dominated the trade and employment of the archipelago; in addition, it owned most housing in Stanley, which greatly benefited from the wool trade with the UK. [68] Landmine clearance work restarted in 2009, in accordance with the UK's obligations under the Ottawa Treaty, and Sapper Hill Corral was cleared of mines in 2012, allowing access to an important historical landmark for the first time in 30 years. The islands also provided a base for whaling and sealing, with factories being built on East Falkland and South Georgia Island, but these industries ended. In a 2013 sovereignty referendum almost all Falklanders voted in favour of remaining a UK overseas territory. The Falkland Islands real GDP increased by 14.6% between 2007 and 2018, equivalent to a compound annual growth rate of 1.2%, according to the report. The total contribution of tourism to the Islands' is expected to reach 5.4 million in 2010. [53] In 1881, the Falkland Islands became financially independent of Britain. [73] Residents have the right of appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and the Privy Council. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. ), 46,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [61] In April 1982 the Falklands War began when Argentine military forces invaded the Falklands and other British territories in the South Atlantic, briefly occupying them until a UK expeditionary force retook the territories in June. Population: 3,198 Population per km: 0.263 Currency The currency on the Falkland Islands is the Falklands pound (FKP). )-1.8% (2014 est. )consumption: 19.133 million kWh (2019 est. [154] The Falklands' predominant and official language is English, with the foremost dialect being British English; nonetheless, some inhabitants also speak Spanish. [151][146] The main Christian denominations are Anglicanism and other Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism. [34] In some years, such as 2007, it enters the FICZ with a resultant good harvest, it other years, such as 2009, it does not migrate as far south as the FICZ at all. [66], Based on Lord Shackleton's recommendations, the Falklands diversified from a sheep-based monoculture into an economy of tourism and, with the establishment of the Falklands exclusive economic zone, fisheries. Selected statistics for the year 2008/9 relating to sheep farming are given below: There are also a small number of cows, pigs and horses on the islands that are reared for local use.[15]. [83][84] Law enforcement is the responsibility of the Royal Falkland Islands Police (RFIP). note: data represent population by national identity Languages English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est.) Webare 30 round magazines legal in texas; c6h4cl2 empirical formula; . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.

[108] Outside of these significant settlements is the area colloquially known as "Camp", which is derived from the Spanish term for countryside (Campo). [68] The proposal envisages a FPSO vessel located 200km offshore servicing 24 production wells and 12 water injection wells in about 450m of water. Omissions? [147], The Falkland Islands have a low population density. [52] The cruise industry is expecting passenger numbers to decline from 39,500 in 20132014 to 34,000 for 20142015. Moreover, although his concession required Lafone to bring settlers from the UK, most of the settlers he brought were gauchos from Uruguay. [56] The sovereignty dispute intensified during the 1960s, shortly after the United Nations passed a resolution on decolonisation which Argentina interpreted as favourable to its position. Common between meals are "home made cakes and biscuits with tea or coffee". Area 4,700 square miles (12,200 square km). The territory's sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the UK. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Some cruise ships also call at the outer islands.

The 2016 census indicated that 43% of residents were born on the archipelago, with foreign-born residents assimilated into local culture. Most of the fish that are harvested in the Falkland Islands waters are either squid or finfish. The Illex squid (Illex argentinus) which typically has a mantle length of 20 to 28 centimetres (8 to 11in) and a weight of 150 to 500 grams (5 to 18oz) is the most important fish to the Falklands economy followed by its smaller cousin, the Patagonian squid (Doryteuthis gahi) which typically has a mantle length of 10 to 15 centimetres (4 to 6in) and a weight of 75 to 150 grams (3 to 5oz). ), total subscriptions: 2,000 (2021 est. [153], Falklands culture is based on the cultural traditions of its British settlers but has also been influenced by Hispanic South America. [10] The term "Falklands" is a standard abbreviation used to refer to the islands. airoh commander visor removal. These days, the island chain has a stable economy and population and is keen to assert its independence free of unwanted Argentine influence. The largest company in the islands used to be the Falkland Islands Company (FIC), a publicly quoted company on the London Stock Exchange. WebThe Policy & Economic Development Unit is responsible for: Co-ordinating the Government's economic policies and monitoring the effectiveness of public spending in achieving the Government's economic goals; Improving the Government's capacity to address strategic, cross-cutting issues; A significant number of the fish that are taken are migratory with the spawning grounds and feeding grounds of some species being highly dependent on the water temperature.

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