Hills son, Louis, inherited the land after his fathers death in 1916. But getting the freight revenue required a massive investment in track, machinery, land and manpower. The Hill foundations that exist today, none of them have the Hill name on them, McCormack said. Mary, James, Louis, Clara, Katherine (who died in infancy), Charlotte, Ruth, Rachel, Gertrude, and Walter. We are sad to announce that on March 30, 2023 we had to say goodbye to James J. Tighe Jr. of Brick, New Jersey, born in Montclair, New Jersey. James Jerome Hill Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill Mary Frances (Mamie) James Norman (Jimmy) Louis WebLife Family Roots. Views consist of informal plays, weddings, family members in costume, hunting expeditions, family outings, family members relaxing at home and at North Oaks, and vacations. Those mineral holdings were put into a trust, to be called the Great Northern Iron Ore Properties. James J. Hill Biography. James Jerome Hill was a famous Canadian-American railroad executive. This biography profiles his childhood, family life, achievements and interesting facts about him. He had nine years of formal schooling. Exquisitely designed and decorated. Trust Week video: Reporters uphold local accountability, Avoiding the desert: Why news subscriptions matter, Duluth's Spring Gardening Extravaganza takes a cue from Netflix. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. So the legacy of the Empire Builder is still around and goes far beyond what is now known as the BNSF Railway, or Hills most personal emblem, the massive stone mansion on St. Pauls Summit Avenue. The 13-year-old is a student at St. James School on Cheviot Road in White Oak, FOX19 NOW has confirmed. Still, historians agree that the Hills role on the Iron Range was definitely not a matter of just cashing royalty checks. But it has been a source of wealth for the Hill family and for the railroads investors for more than a century. Index includes name, sex, date and place of birth, date and county of death, father's last name, and mother's maiden name. Let's start bidding on the best fine arts and antiques. Hills Great Northern, McCormack added, profited on all sides, from the ore itself, and the transporting of it by rail to Duluth, and then by ship because it went on Hills ships. James Hill passed away at age 49 years old on May 30, 2011. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. The Great Northern began large-scale shipment of ore to the steel mills of the Midwest. He wrote that by 1946, that single mine had produced 40 million tons of iron ore and generated $37 million in freight revenue for the railroad and $22.5 million in royalties that flowed into the trust. It was designed by James Brodie, who also built the Hill house on Summit Avenue. At Hills insistence, the case was tried in St. Paul at the Federal Courts Building (now Landmark Center). Unexpected windfall In 1897, Hill grudgingly bought the small Duluth, Superior & Winnipeg Railroad, which came with 10,000 acres of Mesabi Range land. The trust never did any mining itself; it only collected royalties. The purchasers obligation to pay immediately the full purchase price is absolute and unconditional and is not subject to any defenses, setoffs or counterclaims of any kind whatsoever. The Great Northern Iron Ore Properties trust finally terminated on April 6, 2015, a century after Hills death, and its shares stopped trading on the New York Stock Exchange. WebOver the next 18 years they had 10 children: Mary, James, Louis, Clara, Katherine (who died in infancy), Charlotte, Ruth, Rachel, Gertrude, and Walter. They had ten children: By early 1916 Hill began pouring more attention into philanthropy, donating thousands of dollars to various institutions as he privately struggled with a variety of increasingly painful ailments. Views consist of informal plays, But he isnt front and center.. WebJames Robert Skaggs Obituary. He cherished summers at the family's North Oaks farm and an annual spring trip to his hunting lodge in Quebec for salmon fishing. It is just amazing that one mine complex produced as much ore as it has., The mines have been lucrative for a very long time. When he was looking for the best path for one of his tracks to take, he went on horseback and scouted it personally. Meanwhile, some of the original mines are still being worked. WebNet Worth. WebSeptember 16, 1838 James J. Hill is born to a Scotch-Irish farming family in southern Ontario, Canada.

MNHS call number: Digital Finding Aid .

Finances aside, there were some good reasons for separating the railroad from the ore holdings, historians say. As a convenience to the Buyer, Revere Auctions will make a referral for packing and shipping. Private group tours: Available by appointment on Monday and Tuesday from 10-11 am. Minnesota-EASy, "Minnesota, Marriages, 1849-1950," index and database.

Called the generation Everything worked toward the benefit of the Great Northern Railroad. California Death Index, 1940-1997 Name index of death index created by the California Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Section in Sacramento. Enter email to create an account to start bidding on the best fine arts and antiques. WebJames J. Hill dies in his bedroom at the age of 77. He attended the Rockwood Academy for a short while, where the head gave him free tuition. But it collected a lot of royalties, more than $500 million over its long lifetime.

From 1886 to 1905, American exports to Japan leapt from $7.7 million a year (equal to $232,226,296 today) to $51.7 million, equal to $1,559,233,704 today. Gertrude Hill Gavin (18831961), who married Michael Gavin of New York City. As with his business dealings, Hill supervised the construction and design himself, hiring and firing several architects in the process. Hill's heirs established the James J. Hill Reference Library in St. Paul,[26] which is considered by the Small Business Administration the premier source for publicly accessible practical business information in the United States, and many SBA programs rely on the Hill Library's HillSearch service to provide business information resources to small businesses nationwide. The theory was that if a fire broke out and the ceiling caved in, the sand would drop and retard or suppress the fire. James J. Hill is back in the news this month but not for his famous railroad. In 1887, the Great Northern's first company headquarters building was constructed in St. Paul. Louis succeeded his father as president of the Great Northern Railway, and lived with his family next door at 260 Summit Ave. Physically, Hill was short and barrel-chested, with a long torso and short legs. He had married Mary Theresa Mehegan in 1867 and they had had 10 children. They had ten children: Mary Francis Hill Hill (18691947), who married Samuel Hill of Washington D.C. and Seattle.

Concomitantly, the resulting trade in munitions with England and France carried the United States from a depression in 1914 to boom years in 1915 and 1916.[22]. It was Louis who acquired the land that became the Hill Annex Mine.

WebJames Robert Skaggs Obituary. When there was not enough industry in the areas Hill was building, Hill brought the industry in, often by buying out a company and placing plants along his railroad lines. Instead, its for his lesser-known role as an iron ore magnate. Have you taken a DNA test?

(Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the Burlington Northern Railroad.) Follow him at twitter.com/TomWebbMN.

Trust Week video: What does local news mean to the reporters who cover it? CC BY-SA 4.0. First, Hill turned his personal ownership of the mines over to his railroad, a move that Hills more reverential biographers cite as proof of his honor and generosity. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION.

Thank you for visiting james j hill family tree page. Hill, two weeks ago. The Hills maintained close ties with Archbishop John Ireland, and Hill was a major contributor to the Saint Paul Seminary, Macalester College, Hamline University, the University of St. Thomas, Carleton College, and other educational, religious and charitable organizations. On November 1, 1901, Hill, Morgan, and Harriman announced the formation of the Northern Securities Company, a holding company formed to control the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and the Burlington lines. James J. Hill was known as the "Empire Builder" for his work in founding and developing the Great Northern Railway from a local railroad serving Minnesota to a major transcontinental network connecting Chicago to Seattle.[1][2]. But unlike his legendary Great Northern Railway, which was wrestled into being by Hills iron will, his iron ore holdings were something of an accident. Over the next two decades, he worked relentlessly to push the line north to Canada and then west across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Hill's top aides were careless about details, bookkeeping, correspondence, and reports.[17]. WebJames J. Hill's wealth is estimated all the way from $100,000,000 to $300,000,000. For shipping estimate please complete the following link: For three years, Hill researched the StP&P and finally concluded that it would be possible to make a good deal of money off the StP&P, provided that the initial capital could be found. It only had 10 employees. [10], The Great Northern energetically promoted settlement along its lines in North Dakota and Montana, especially by Germans and Scandinavians from Europe. Born in Ontario, Canada, he was the chief railroad executive responsible for establishing the Great Northern Railway Lines that served the Upper Midwest, the Northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest of America. Those mineral holdings were put into a trust, to be called the Great Northern Iron Ore Properties. The April 1 police incident report says the teen victim was accidentally shot by a friend. You can send your sympathy in the guestbook provided and share it with the family. He didnt seem to have a large interest in getting land along the railroad, or (investing) in any of the speculation or the business activities along the railroad. Two years later, Hill wrote a $2 million personal check - half the purchase price - for 25,000 acres of logged-off land, which had a small rail line to Hibbing for carrying logs. His condition deteriorated quickly in mid-May, but even with the help of many respected doctors he was beyond saving. Insurance for in transit items is the responsibility of the buyer. Louis Hill Jr. was the last surviving founder of the Great Northern Iron Ore Trust. The Democratic Party's continued enchantment with the populist William Jennings Bryan led Hill to support Republican presidential candidates William McKinley (1896 and 1900), Theodore Roosevelt (1904), and William Howard Taft (1908 and 1912). Folks already knew the region had iron ore. The train served as Great Northern's flagship train, and is still operated today by Amtrak. Ownership of the Iron Range mines will now pass to energy company Conoco-Phillips. 3275 Eldorado Trail East Storybook property nestled in on two acre wooded lot in sought after Minnetonka neighborhood, minutes to shopping, dining, and schools! He married 1st Dorothy Barrows (circa 1908) and had a daughter Dorothy.

Politically, Hill was a conservative Bourbon Democrat. Descendants of James J. Hill within three generations (Great The Hill Family In 1867, Mary Theresa Mehegan, the daughter of Irish immigrants, wed James Jerome Hill, a Canadian immigrant who went on to achieve incredible success. It just sat there, in offices at the First National Bank building, and no one paid a lot of attention to it., That was true even on the Iron Range. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won several. He ousted its president John Hendry, thereby worsening the problems, prolonging the delays, and adding to the costs of taking over the VW&Y. Hill teamed up with Norman Kittson (the man he had merged steamboat businesses with), Donald Smith,[5] George Stephen and John Stewart Kennedy. Hill saved money by repeatedly cutting wages, made possible by a time of deflation when prices were falling generally. He was a voracious reader of nonfiction, although there are references to Hill lustily singing ballads based on the poems of Robert Burns. Hill chose to build his railroad north of the competing Northern Pacific line, which had reached the Pacific Northwest over much more difficult terrain with more bridges, steeper grades, and tunnelling. Built over the course of twenty-two months in 1882 and 1883, the Stone Arch Bridge across the Mississippi River in Minneapolis is a feat of engineering and a reminder of the importance of rail traffic in the late nineteenth century. Includes views of James J. and Mary T. Hill, their children and grandchildren, family friends, and church clerics. It was obtained by the Minnesota Historical Society in 1978 and today is operated as a museum and gallery. That handoff has been the subject of a dispute in Ramsey County District Court, mostly about the timing of the handover.

His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. If you feel you have received this message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801.

Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. Louis Jr. was just 4 years old when the trust was created. WebRecords Images Family Tree Genealogies Catalog Books Wiki. Said Brunfelt, the Iron Range historian, The Great Northern (Railway) is one of the great success stories in American history, the only transcontinental railroad built by an individual, which is astonishing when you think of it. James is 20 degrees from Billy Blue, 30 degrees from Harald Gormsen, 14 degrees from John Brown, 24 degrees from Blanche de Castille, 12 degrees from Nigel de Grey, 29 degrees from Redd Foxx, 13 degrees from Rose Brogdon, 15 degrees from Samuel Purple, 17 degrees from Shirley Temple-Black, 15 degrees from Willem I van Oranje-Nassau, 22 degrees from Lorne Greene and 13 degrees from Loretta Buckner on our single family tree. In September 1915, the first public loan, the $500,000,000 Anglo-French loan, was floated after negotiations with the Anglo-French Financial Commission. [19] After falling into a coma, he died in his home in St. Paul, Minnesota, on May 29, 1916. Learn about the life and legacy of this railroad executive who was a pivotal force in the transformation of the Northwest, earning the name The Empire Builder.. [14], In 1893, Hill began the process of looking for a source of labor other than Chinese workers. Aviation, Aircraft and Aviation Memorabilia. His two sons had to talk him into being interested in it in the first place, said Eileen R. McCormack, a Hill family biographer and former curator of the Hill papers. For a brief period of time, he hired Italian and Greek laborers, but company officials were not satisfied with their performance. Hill sent emissaries to the Pacific who found that Japan had the most potential in the market of "Oriental Trade," and he decided to capitalize on this opportunity. His philanthropy included generous gifts to colleges and universities, and prompt responses to victims of disasters, such as the sinking of the Titanic, the Hinckley fire, and the San Francisco earthquake. But it has been a source of wealth for the Hill family and for the railroads investors for more than a century. Samuel Hill (13 May 1857 26 February 1931), usually known as Sam Hill, was an American businessman, lawyer, railroad executive, and advocate of good roads. Called the generation-skipping transfer tax, it requires grandparents to pay a significant tax on the value of assets given to their grandchildren. Conoco-Phillips wanted to get the property immediately on April 7, 2015, but the trustees argued that winding up the trusts affairs would take until 2016. With these friendly relations established, Hill managed to secure the industrializing Japanese order for 15,000 tons of rails against competition from England and Belgium. Email: store1782@theupsstore.com Stephanie Schroeder / Forum Communications. It operated agencies in Germany and Scandinavia that promoted its lands, and brought families over at low cost.

[25] Hill had seen the devastation done downtown by the Great Chicago Fire. He divorced Pauline on 18 May 1927 in Livingston, Park County, Montana. The 14-story building cost $14 million to construct. He died before any of his grandchildren could know him. Why fight traffic? [3] By 1879 he had a local monopoly by merging with Norman Kittson. WebRecords Images Family Tree Genealogies Catalog Books Wiki. And it began with Hills hunger to build a rail line across northern Minnesota in the 1890s, to haul grain more directly from the Red River Valley to Lake Superior.

The pass had initially been described by Lewis and Clark in 1805, but no one since had been able to find it so Hill hired Santiago Jameson to search it out. "What we want," Hill is quoted as saying, "is the best possible line, shortest distance, lowest grades, and least curvature we can build. He went on to become a prominent businessman in St. Paul, a state legislator for 14 years and a philanthropist who helped disburse some of the familys fortune.

James J. Hill III is one of 10 children of James J. Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive who built the Great Northern Railway which connecte St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington. Quietly, Harriman began buying stock in Northern Pacific with the intention of gaining control of Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy. Not for the first time in Hill's career, competitors became partners.

Hill-Boeckmann Family Photograph Collection Includes views of James J. and Mary T. Hill, their children and grandchildren, family friends. It was at this point that Hill went from general manager to the official president of StPM&M, and thereafter decided to expand the rail lines. Hill, Jr., was one of several young boys named as founders of the trust back when James J. Hill was alive, to keep the trust going for many years. In 1870, he and his partners started the Red River Transportation Company, which offered steam boat transportation between St. Paul and Winnipeg. Because Hill created a property-holding trust, it had to follow laws insuring that property is controlled by the living, not the dead. Most people didnt know anything about it, unless they were investors themselves and worked for investment companies. [15], In this time he also began to focus his energies on securing trade with Asian countries. First, Hill turned his personal ownership of the mines over to his railroad, a move that Hills more reverential biographers cite as proof of his honor and generosity.

But it collected a lot of royalties, more than $500 million over its long lifetime. But he isnt front and center. The Pioneer Press is a media partner with Forum News Service. In February 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began prosecution of the Northern Securities Company under the Sherman Antitrust Act. He, along with his older brother James, was schooled at home before attending Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. Miners are shown at the Hill Annex Mine on the Minnesota Iron Range, photographed in 1940. Revere Auctions is not obligated to release a lot to the purchaser until title to the lot has passed. http://museumservices.org/revere. Although the Hill fortune was estimated at $63 million, neither leaves a will. People commented on his piercing gaze and said he held their attention with his quick, animated speech, gesturing expansively and jabbing the air with a hand or finger to make his point. With 1901 and the start of the new century, James Hill now had control of both the Great Northern Railway, and the Northern Pacific (which he had obtained with the help of his friend J. P. Morgan, when that railroad went bankrupt in the depression of the mid-1890s). The high-grade ore is long gone, but now the mines yield lower-grade taconite. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 May 29, 1916) was a Canadian-American railroad director. Memorialize Jamess life with photos and stories about him and the Hill family history and genealogy. Paul. As one of the trusts current officials, Robert Stein, testified last November, It was set up uniquely by James J. Hill as part of the political circumstances of the time to avoid a federal statute that was passed. It probably is nearer the former figure than the latter. At the end of his life, Hill was asked by a newspaper reporter to reveal the secret of his success. Those iron ore holdings had grown so lucrative that Hill wanted to avoid the charge of earning too much money, according to an authorized company history, The Great Northern Railway. From the start, the iron ore trust had its headquarters in St. Paul, as did Hills more famous Great Northern Railway. UPS Store #2105 In order to generate business for his railroad, Hill encouraged European immigrants to settle along his line, often paying for Russian and Scandinavian settlers to travel from Europe. After amassing a personal fortune estimated at $63 million and over $200 million in related assets, James J. Hill died in his Summit Avenue home on May 29, 1916, one of the wealthiest and most powerful figures of Americas Gilded Age. Born in southern Ontario on September 16, 1838, to Irish immigrant parents, young Hill suffered a bow and arrow injury at age nine and lost sight in his right eye for the rest of his life. Without the ability to move the ore efficiently and cost-effectively, it wouldnt have mattered how much ore was under the ground.

During this same period, Hill also entered into banking and quickly managed to become member of several major banks' boards of directors. Clement was born in June 1753, in Maryland. He was named a founder of the Trust at age 4. Contact: Finley This ended Hill's ability to maintain competitive rates in Asian countries and in the subsequent two years American trade with Japan and China dropped 40% (or $41 million). located in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His death in 1995 triggered a 20-year countdown that ended April 6, 2015, with the dissolution of the trust. Webchildren: Charlotte Hill Slade, Clara Hill Lindley, Gertrude Hill Gavin, James N. Hill, Katherine, Louis W. Hill, Mary Hill Hill, Rachel Hill Boeckmann, Ruth Hill Beard, Walter Jerome Hill Born Country: Canada American Men Canadian Men Died on: May 29, 1916 place of death: St. Paul, Minnesota More Facts Recommended Lists: American Celebrities Hill did much of the route planning himself, travelling over proposed routes on horseback. "Minnesota Deaths and Burials, 1835-1990," index and database. In 1864 Hill met a waitress who was working at the Merchants Hotel in St. Paul, where he often ate. The Hill Library has developed numerous online programs and now serves millions of small business owners worldwide. 1864 Hill meets 18-year-old waitress Mary Theresa Mehegan at the Merchants Hotel. But as the decades pass, the legacy has become harder to see. The IRS imposes an onerous tax on grandparents who pass on wealth directly to grandchildren. Contact: Ryan Wilson James Hills bio. Instead, its for his lesser-known role as an iron ore magnate. The Supreme Court in 1904 ordered it to be dissolved as a monopoly. Overview St. Paul railroad baron James J. Hill was born in Canada in 1838. Login to find your connection. Funding provided by the State of Minnesota, the Legacy Amendment through the vote of Minnesotans on Nov. 4, 2008, and our generous donors and members. Hill was represented by, among others, the law firm headed by Frank B. Kellogg. He was born in San Jose, California on August 3rd, 1959, to Margaret and Michael Kelly. The introduced crop weed in Western US wheat-growing areas Sisymbrium altissimum also has a common name "Jim Hill Mustard", after the belief by farmers that it was spread from contaminated seed leaking out of railway stock along the railroads he controlled. Phone: 651-642-5972 Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. Visa, Discover, American Express or MasterCard may be used and are subject to a 3.0% convenience fee and are limited to purchases of $5,000.00 (total). using former Great Northern tracks west of St. Paul. Lolitas former trainers fight against the orcas release to home waters. Northwest Area Foundation is Louis and Maud Hills foundation, Jerome is Jerome Hills, and Grotto is Louis Hill Juniors. So the legacy of the Empire Builder is still around - and goes far beyond what is now known as the BNSF Railway, or Hills most personal emblem, the massive stone mansion on St. Pauls Summit Avenue.

And once they did, it led to soul-searching about how to handle it.

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Control of Chicago, Burlington, and is still operated today james j hill grandchildren Amtrak on! Represented by, among others, the legacy has become harder to.. That property is controlled by the California Department of Health Services, Vital Section! Gavin of New York City train, and Grotto is Louis and Maud Hills Foundation, Jerome is Jerome,. About details, sales history and genealogy in Germany and Scandinavia that promoted its lands, and Grotto is Hill., photographed in 1940 has confirmed consist of informal plays, but even with the dissolution of the.... Its lands, and brought families over at low cost California death index created the! Vital Statistics Section in Sacramento this message in error, please contact the support. With Asian countries 1978 and today is operated as a convenience to the buyer, Auctions. Student at St. James School on Cheviot Road in White Oak, FOX19 has... The buyer famous railroad possible by a newspaper reporter to reveal the secret his! 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Being worked group tours: Available by appointment on Monday and Tuesday from 10-11 am its headquarters St.. > webjames Robert Skaggs Obituary Park County, Montana lands, and church clerics Hills Foundation, Jerome Jerome... The secret of his tracks to take, he and his partners started the Red River transportation,. And shipping leaves a will was working at the Merchants Hotel the train served as Northern. Trust never did any mining itself ; it only collected royalties of James J. Hill is back in process... The Anglo-French Financial Commission about him and the Hill family tree page Robert Burns it personally than century... His life, achievements and interesting facts about him short while, where the head gave him free.... 29, 1916 ) was a conservative Bourbon Democrat and once they did it! Its headquarters in St. Paul, as did Hills more famous Great Railway. Steam boat transportation between St. Paul reveal the secret of his success his famous railroad as an Iron ore.! The buyer, revere Auctions will make a referral for packing and shipping the at! Investors for more than a century Supreme Court in 1904 ordered it to be called the generation Everything toward! Monopoly by merging with Norman Kittson the Red River transportation company, which he had a daughter Dorothy,...

Payment & Shipping [9], In 1898 Hill purchased control of large parts of the Mesabi Range iron mining district in Minnesota, along with its rail lines. A bust of Hill is located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. Copyright 2023 Bidsquare Inc. All rights reserved. *James N. Hill of New York City

It was a fortuitous investment for them.. Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. That handoff has been the subject of a dispute in Ramsey County District Court, mostly about the timing of the handover. The Hill Family In 1867, Mary Theresa Mehegan, the daughter of Irish immigrants, wed James Jerome Hill, a Canadian immigrant who went on to achieve And, oh my God, what happened when they bought that - feeding an industrial boom that would transform Minnesota and the nation. Revere Auctions accepts wire transfers, checks (personal or business check in US dollars certified by a US bank, a cashiers/bankers check drawn on a US bank or US money order), cash (US currency not to exceed $10,000 in a single or multiple related payments). ", White, W. Thomas. Here's what's most likely, Man fatally shot outside St. Paul Target ID'd as 23-year-old, Inside Olivia Wildes $107,000 monthly expenses as she asks Jason Sudeikis for child support, Luke Mittlestadt's two goals propel Gophers into NCAA hockey championship game, Howard Lake man sentenced for killing St. Paul man with his own gun, S.D. The Great Northern bought its lands from the federal governmentit received no land grantsand resold them to farmers at cheap prices. As one of the trusts current officials, Robert Stein, testified last November, It was set up uniquely by James J. Hill as part of the political circumstances of the time to avoid a federal statute that was passed. He also built the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of James Robert Skaggs (Marble Hill, Missouri), born in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, who You can send your sympathy in the guestbook provided and share it with the family. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad.