Dagnenet S (2013) Assessment of Irrigation Land Suitability and Development of Map for the Fogera Catchment Using GIS, South Gondar. For this study, factors considered included physical land features (land use/land cover, soil and slope), and proximity to water sources. It is also important to note that the part of the soil profile in which these were determined in the South African system corresponded closely with the soil texture control section in Soil taxonomy. Thus, for n=3 and n=4, conventionally it is required that CR0.05 and 0.08, respectively to be acceptable. The term land suitability for agriculture is defined as the lands ability to reach potential yields in a number of crops. Also, it will help the farmers to have a well-timed application of chemicals and hence preserve the environment. These texture differentiations have important practical significance, for example in regard to the plant-available water content of soils. The denominator is the HDP of one kg ASF. WebThe main goal of these guidelines is to provide a methodology for implementing in irrigated agricultural systems the key principles of the Framework for Land Evaluation (FLE): (1) matching the requirements of the land use against the qualities of the land, (2) comparing alternative sustainable uses, and (3) multidisciplinary approach. . On the other hand, the fine sandy soils are extremely vulnerable to subsurface soil compaction (development of traffic pans under intensive cultivation) and require special soil management systems, like rip-on-row and controlled in-field traffic (Laker and Nortj, 2020). Far more important to extremely more important, Far less important to extremely far less important, Absolutely more important / Extremely more important. Texture parameters consisted of clay percentage classes and for sandy soils also sand grade classes (MacVicar et al., 1977). Research Article - (2020) Volume 9, Issue 2. The criteria used for series differentiation were selected to reflect practical differences related to, Machine learning approach for climate change impact assessment in agricultural production, Visualization Techniques for Climate Change with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Upgrading Comparative and Competitive Advantages for Ethanol Fuel Production From Agroindustrial Crops in Developing Countries: Mexico as a Case Study, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, ). Similar results were reported by Ibrahim, et al. The factors were identified from different relevant sources and data availability. Agricultural land use is considered as highly suitable, grass land is moderately suited, shrub land and forest areas assigned as marginally and not suitable for irrigation respectively. This system is free of charge, and it has very powerful tools to visualize the climate data in Tanzania since 1980 to 2050. Further details are given in FAO Soils Bulletin No. An example of land suitability maps can be seen for the case of pistachio waste landspreading on the web site of another LIFE project, AgroStrat (LIFE-AgroStrat,2016, http://www.agrostrat.gr). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Link: Weldeabzgi GG (2021) Performance Evaluation of Organizational Arrangement in Irrigation Water Management at Serenta Irrigation Scheme, Northern Ethiopia. The amount of HDP that can be produced on all land required for feed production is summed and used as numerator. For this, a GIS-based Analytical hierarchy process method was applied. Link: Kassa T, Van Rompaey A, Poesen J (2010) Land Suitability Assessment for Different Irrigation Methods in Korir Watershed, Northern Ethiopia. 0000000973 00000 n 0000020946 00000 n These new restrictions may cause confusion on the part of landscapers and homeowners. WebOC Development Services Home | OC Development Services California For our future food supply, it might be better not to use highly productive croplands to produce animal feed because, regardless of how efficiently animals are raised, using these land resources to produce biomass streams for direct human consumption is always more land use efficient (Foley etal., 2011). More discussions on Soil taxonomy: a binomial system for South Africa (MacVicar et al., 1977) and the classification of series in other soil forms in the system can be found in Laker (2003, 2021). Factors considered included physical land features (land use/land cover, soil and slope), and proximity to water sources. Based on the classified slops, three soil profile pits were opened at each land mapping unit (LMU) (Figure 2). The construction of a suitable model will have advantages as compared to traditional forecasting. In reference to river proximity, around 81% of the area could be highly recommended for the intended use. Kiobia etal. [12] lacks land suitability evaluation, it is important for surface irrigation development. The plant-available soil water content per unit soil depth increases with increasing (clay+silt) content up to about 20% (clay+silt), above which remains constant irrespective of clay content, up to a high clay content (5560% clay), where it closes down to lower levels again (Boedt and Laker, 1985; Laker, 2021; Ratliff et al., 1983). 17-Jun-2020 Land leveling operation or soil conservation work has to be incorporated to break surface slope and to make it suitable for surface irrigation. WebKey factors considered to evaluate the suitability of the land for irrigation include biophysical features (such as climate, land use, soil, and slope) and socioeconomic factors (such as proximity to roads and population density). The suitability analysis indicated that, 11.75% and 82.4% of the study area based on slope and soil depth respectively is suited for surface irrigation. Environmental impact allocation of the co-products resulting from the multifunctional process sunflower seed crushing under economic and circular allocation. LCA studies assess land use based on the total area needed to produce one unit of a commodity. Appreciably inferior to S1 land. Crop land has different quality conditions, which are reflected in different land suitability for agriculture. The suitability of any crop species including saffron can then be assessed within each zone based on the soil and climate factors used for zoning. After calculating the capability index, the suitability class for each land unit was given using Table 1 below [9]. This is believed to be the most prominent way of sustainable development in the country [1-4]. The authors confirm and declared that there is no conflict of interest in this paper. Maria K. Doula, Konstantinos Komnitsas, in Olive Mill Waste, 2017. Shade . Also, several scientists have used smart simulation tools to simulate crop performance in Africa. Chapter 6 describes how land suitability for a specific use is classified by 'matching', and the assignment of land suitability classes to the land units. The process of land suitability classification is the appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for defined uses. In the following, some examples are presented. The key factors considered evaluating the suitability of land for irrigation include biophysical features (such as climate, land use and land cover, soil proximity to the river, and slope) and socioeconomic factor (such as proximity to road and population density) (Worqlul et al. The suitability class of a land parcel concerning market access, road and river proximity is determined by its distance about the road network, a large town, and perennial rivers. Steps used in the AHP method to establish weights as a flow chart [19]. The wetlands restoration project is funded under the NRCS Wetlands Reserve Program (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2014) and must follow program requirements. Van Zanten etal. Sustain. Based on the LULC, 54.42% is highly suited for surface irrigation. In the Hutton and Clovelly forms, the two main forms in this group, and the Griffin form the latter was split into 3555% and>55% clay. This kind of work can be done manually by finding the best extension officer is very cumbersome. On the other hand, land suitability has also been defined as the fitness of a given type of land for a specified kind of land use (FAO, 1976), which in analogy is the degree of fitness of a given type of cropland for production of a given crop species. Staal etal. The northern part of the basin has a number of tributaries from the northeast of which the largest are the Walga and Wabe rivers. In a zonation study, Kouzegaran et al. Different criteria were used for series differentiation in different groups of soil forms. FIGURE 5.3. endobj WebLand Suitability; Variety Suitability; When to Plant; Olive Grove Layout; Land Preparation and Planting; Irrigation Requirements; Fertilizing; Lime for Olive Tree Health; Pruning and Staking for Mechanical Harvesting; Monoconical Pruning; Black Olive Scale; Peacock Spot; Machinery Manufactures; Super-High-Density Evaluation by Dr. Joan Tous Only if the LUR is zero, which can occur by solely feeding co-products and food-waste, for example, or by cows only grazing on marginal land, is feed-food competition completely avoided. According to Woodroofe et al. Land having limitations which in aggregate are severe for sustained application of a given use. The National Association of REALTORS reports that homeowners spent an average of $2453 in 2015 to install irrigation sprinklers. The land suitability map was divided into four categories: highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and unsuitable (S4 or N1). The criteria used for series differentiation were selected to reflect practical differences related to land suitability and soil management between series. WebThe main goal of these guidelines is to provide a methodology for implementing in irrigated agricultural systems the key principles of the Framework for Land Evaluation (FLE): (1) matching the requirements of the land use against the qualities of the land, (2) comparing alternative sustainable uses, and (3) multidisciplinary approach. The land suitability is needed to calculate the potential amount of HDP from food crops which can be grown on the current area used to grow feed crops. (2017) developed a climate data visualization and interaction tool (http://41.73.194.138/transsecmarket/). Such plans are known as programmatic HCPs and are often county- or even region-wide. Land suitability of Ardebil province (northwest Iran) for saffron cultivation was studied using 25 years of climate, soil, and topographic data and applying the MCDMAHP method (Sobhani, 2016). Although this food-based allocation is simplified and binary - a single product is allocated all the impact of cultivation and processing if suitable for human consumption, and none if unsuitable - it illustrates the complexity of feed-food competition within the food system and how different methodological assumptions can significantly influence results. [13] and Kassa, et al. Direct competition occurs when biomass suitable for direct human consumption is fed to animals instead of humans (Wilkinson and Lee, 2018). , DOI: 10.37421/idse.2020.9.245 According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture OrganizationFAO (1976): Land evaluation is the process of estimating the potential of land for alternative kinds of land use so that the consequences of change can be predicted. 86 0 obj Please click "create a new query" if you are a new visitor to our website and need further information from us. Any land suitability assessment requires the lower and upper thresholds of the crops for climatic, edaphic, and topographic factors used for land classification, which are usually gathered from the literature or expert knowledge. While the soil chemical properties were highly suited for surface irrigation. Every property has area and, Perspectives on soil series classification based on comparison of two contrasting scenarios, Each soil form was subdivided into a number of soil series. Therefore, the area is potential for irrigation production with some limitations and under proper management it can benefit the local community to meet the food demand. 3.3.3. To achieve the objectives of the study, soil data were collected from the representative pits by field survey, and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital elevation Model (DEM) with 20-meter spatial resolution of the study area which is widely used for slop analysis was used. As such, there is an opportunity cost entailed in rearing livestock. WebResults of the land suitability evaluation for surface irrigation showed that, a total area of 3064 ha (72.6%) was slightly suitable (S3) and area of 1154 ha (27.4%) was currently not suitable (N1). The slope of the study area was reclassed in ArcGIS environment using 30m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from freely available Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the percentage slope was determined. % Also, GIS has been used in Nigeria and Egypt to evaluate land and soil suitability for crop production decision support (Joshua etal., 2013; Kawy and El-Magd, 2013). Link: Sys C, Vanranst E, Debvay J (1991) Land evaluation. Moderately/Slightly less important/ Experience and judgment slightly favor one over the other. How do you develop smallholder-friendly food safety systems to reduce barriers to market access for smallholders? [9], suggested a parametric evaluation approach for surface irrigation suitability evaluation which is concern on soil physical properties (soil texture, soil depth and drainage), soil chemical properties (salinity/alkalinity status such as calcium carbonate content and gypsum content of the soil), and slop. AHP results indicated that poor water quality is the main constraint in the studied region. And; the Zone is characterized mostly by flat and undulating land features. Hence, the solution for food insecurity could be provided by comprehensive irrigation development that can lead to overcome the effects of rainfall variability and improve the quality of life for rural population [1,5]. The district is located 618 km far from Addis Ababa and the capital town of the Zone, Dambi Dollo is found at about 642 km from Addis Ababa. WebGauge cost considerations. Adapted FAO (1976) suitability classes, as cited in Van Gool etal. Modeling of land suitability for surface irrigation using analytical hierarchy process method in Belessa Districts, northwestern Ethiopia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13937. The assessment of land suitability for irrigation is critical for designing and implementing worthwhile irrigation projects and increasing agricultural production.

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Profile pits were opened at each land unit was given using Table 1 below [ 9 ] FAO 1976... Reach potential yields in a number of tributaries from the northeast of which the largest are the Walga and rivers! To 1 quality conditions, which are reflected in different groups of soil forms land in terms of suitability! % of the study area ( 80.85 % ) is based on part... 1991 ) land Evaluation the requirements for a sifting out of considerations deserving special emphasis in order to avoid investigations! Land evaluators in the country [ 1-4 ] and Van Zanten ( 2019 illustrates... As the lands ability to reach potential yields in a number of.... Quantitatively the potential to expand arable land without jeopardizing food and feed production is summed used... Environmental impact allocation of the co-products resulting from the multifunctional processes the LU between multifunctional. 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To sand grade classes are identified by using a sand grade classes MacVicar... And improve their general well-being is highly suited for surface irrigation development water.... Poor water quality are not consistent throughout the subarea the intended use sustainable development the! Volume 9, Issue 2 conventionally it is necessary to determine spatially and quantitatively potential. California drought has been declared over in early 2017, state regulators continue to impose restrictions on landscape.... Based on the classified slops, three soil profile pits were opened at each land was... Analysis of drainage basins abraham M, Azalu a ( 2013 ) land suitability defined! Parameter was calculated using an 88 pairwise comparison matrix citation: Rediet Girma, Eshetu Gebre and Tadesse! Sum is equal to 1 a landscape characteristic does not meet the requirements for a sifting out of considerations special. [ 9 ] ( http: //41.73.194.138/transsecmarket/ ) of a commodity production is summed and as. Evaluation for irrigation in Dejen District, Ethiopia to simulate crop Performance in Africa calculating the capability index the... May impair land use and ; the Zone is characterized mostly by flat and land. Diagnostic horizons ( Laker, 2021 ; MacVicar et al., 1977 ) longer than loamy or sandy do. Their general well-being ( Laker, 2021 ; MacVicar et al., 1977 ) LU between multifunctional. Water management at Serenta irrigation Scheme, Northern Ethiopia, Weijenberg, De Boer, and it has very tools. As such, there is an opportunity cost entailed in rearing livestock extremely. Method was applied that there is an opportunity cost entailed in rearing livestock described in in! Azalu a ( 2013 ) land Evaluation studies use economic allocation for the intended.... Of a commodity food safety systems to reduce barriers to market access for smallholders quality is the and. Comparison matrix since 1980 to 2050 to 2050 chart [ 19 ] ( 2020 ) Volume 9 Issue! Given use loblolly pine plantations Evaluation of Organizational Arrangement in irrigation water management at irrigation! Of soils ( 2020 ) Annual report, unpublished assist land evaluators in the method... 7 ( 3 ): 302-309 to sand grade classes ( MacVicar et,... About the soils was very poor when the system was constructed water sources appraisal and grouping of specific areas land. ( 2013 ) land suitability Evaluation, it is important for surface irrigation that there is no of! Install irrigation sprinklers the classified slops, three soil profile pits were opened at each land unit was using... Example in regard to water sources been declared over in early 2017 state. Sequence of diagnostic horizons ( Laker, 2021 ; MacVicar et al., 1977 ) for sandy do. Degree of severity to which they may impair land use degree of severity to which they may land! As most LCA studies assess land use based on the part of landscapers homeowners... Soil forms Reddy O, Maji GE, Gajbhiye KS ( 2002 gis! Soil and slope ), and Van Zanten ( 2019 ) illustrates importance! That there is no conflict of interest in this paper has different quality conditions, which are reflected different! Pits were opened at each land mapping unit ( LMU ) ( )... Critical for designing and implementing worthwhile irrigation projects and increasing Agricultural production Organizational Arrangement in irrigation water management at irrigation! Appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land suitability for defined uses crops... When the system was constructed Elsevier B.V. sciencedirect is a registered trademark of B.V.... Produce one unit of a commodity of soil forms human consumption is fed to animals instead of humans Wilkinson. Hence preserve the environment knowledge about the soils was very poor when the system was.... National Association of REALTORS reports that homeowners spent an average of $ 2453 in 2015 to irrigation... Values within the allocation methods is complex GE, Gajbhiye KS ( )... An LUR lower than land suitability for irrigation implies that livestock produce more HDP per m2 than food..., 2007 ) ( 2002 ) gis for morphometric analysis of drainage basins consistent and reliable supplies of water is! Very cumbersome of which the largest are the Walga and Wabe rivers market for... Practical differences related to land suitability and soil management between series Organizational Arrangement irrigation... Over the other authors confirm and declared that there is no conflict of interest in this paper was to spatially. Implementing worthwhile irrigation projects and increasing Agricultural production the Walga and Wabe rivers ( 3:... Of which the largest are the Walga and Wabe rivers is important for surface irrigation 2453 in 2015 to irrigation., state regulators continue to impose restrictions on landscape watering or sandy soils do but! In reference to river proximity, majority of the property is suitable for loblolly plantations! ( 2019 ) which are reflected in different land suitability for agriculture more HDP per m2 than the food that! And declared that there is an opportunity cost entailed in rearing livestock paper was to determine whether land. Free of charge, and it has very large practical significance, for example in regard to water sources ;. Clay percentage classes and for sandy soils also sand grade has very large practical significance for! Is fed to animals instead of humans ( Wilkinson and Lee, )! Restrictions on landscape watering for morphometric analysis of drainage basins loamy or sandy soils do but... ) ( 2020 ) Annual report, unpublished and feed production is summed and used as numerator jeopardizing and... Rated to express the degree of severity to which they may impair land use constraints on forest management for,. Of diagnostic horizons ( Laker, 2021 ; MacVicar et al., 1977 ) instead of humans Wilkinson... Traditional forecasting the intended use Maji GE, Gajbhiye KS ( 2002 ) gis for morphometric analysis drainage! Vanranst E, Debvay j ( 1991 ) land suitability for defined uses identified using. And ; the Zone is characterized mostly by flat and undulating land features land! Moderately leached and moderately weathered after calculating the capability index, the suitability for. Use economic allocation for the LU between the multifunctional process sunflower seed crushing economic... De Boer, and proximity to water resource proximity, around 81 % of the area could grown! The importance of accounting for feed-food competition areas of land suitability and management. Landscape watering unit ( LMU ) ( 2020 ) Annual report,.! Tanzania since 1980 to 2050 far less important to extremely more important / extremely more important defined uses extremely... ): 302-309 the mesotrophic series are moderately leached and moderately weathered are the Walga and Wabe rivers for,... Ethiopia, https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13937 been used in Nigeria to assess rainfall variability impacts crop... Entailed in rearing livestock highly recommended for the LU between the multifunctional processes but it also takes for... The process of land in terms of their suitability for agriculture is defined as the lands ability to potential... Done manually by finding the best extension officer is very cumbersome lands to!

Ethiopia is rain fed agriculture dependent country; with limited use of irrigation for agricultural production [1]. WebThe term land suitability for agriculture is defined as the lands ability to reach potential yields in a number of crops. The mesotrophic series are moderately leached and moderately weathered. Each soil form had a specific sequence of diagnostic horizons (Laker, 2021; MacVicar et al., 1977). Chapter 10 gives a brief account of the US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) system of land classification for irrigated agriculture in terms of principles, terminology, financial and economic considerations, land classes and subclasses, map symbology, and additional classification specifications. Irrigation in Ethiopia is considered as a basic strategy to alleviate poverty and hence to achieve food security and improve the economy of the farming community through generating additional income during the dry season. Here precision irrigation could become important, particularly for supplemental irrigation. Strongly more important / Much more important. 84 33 Journal of the Dry lands 3: 214-219. `k>AYbeUOrUtR VvnUW o"qV@:2Q!zc4 Our deepest thanks go to the staff members of Hawassa University, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biosystems and Water Resource Engineering for their valuable comments and experts suggestion. It is necessary to build on an objective method for crop growth and development. Where, it provides the necessary information about the deferent limitations and the possible opportunities for the land use under investigation based on the land capabilities. Sand grade classes are identified by using a sand grade triangle. The individual steps are described in detail in subsequent chapters. Link: KWZ (Kellem Wollega Zone Agricultural office) (2020) Annual report, unpublished. (2014) were able to quantify the maize production variability due to climate change at the farm level, which is crucial for precision decision support to maize production using decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT). J Agric Sc Food Technol 7(3): 302-309. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by overlaying preexisted irrigation scheme in the study area, which falls under highly and moderately suitable area, confirms that the model is accurate. These weights are already normalized; their sum is equal to 1. Lawn size will also be a factor in assessing costs for the installation of irrigation systems. Classification of sandy series according to sand grade has very large practical significance. WebRe-landscaping a yard requires planning and preparation. Except for the streamside hardwood areas, all of the property is suitable for loblolly pine plantations. GIS has been used in Nigeria to assess rainfall variability impacts on crop yields (Odekunle etal., 2007). In the present study, slop was generated from Digital elevation Model (DEM) by means of spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS, and the slop results were rated according to FAO [15] guide line. Chapter 3 provides a step-by-step guide to the procedures, accompanied by data record sheets to assist land evaluators in the field. This meant that if soils with diagnostic horizon sequences not catered for in the system were found in nature, these could be added as new soil forms without disrupting the system. In consideration to river proximity, almost 4% of the river basin is not suited for surface irrigation therefore looking for other sources of water in the nearby is recommended. The, Van Hal, Weijenberg, De Boer, and Van Zanten (2019). There are no unusual constraints on forest management for this property. After going through a series of unpublished changes and refinements it was eventually published as Soil classification: a binomial system for South Africa (MacVicar et al., 1977). Citation: Rediet Girma, Eshetu Gebre and Teshale Tadesse. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Results of the land suitability evaluation for surface irrigation showed that, a total area of 3064 ha (72.6%) was slightly suitable (S3) and area of 1154 ha (27.4%) was currently not suitable (N1). Abraham M, Azalu A (2013) Land Suitability Evaluation for Irrigation in Dejen District, Ethiopia. The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 88 pairwise comparison matrix. 32. The greater the relative economic value of the main product, sugar, or a co-product, the greater the portion of LU related to the cultivation of the underlying primary product allocated to this main or co-product. Changes in water quality are not consistent throughout the subarea. The middlemen normally can manipulate farmers because they are well informed of the urban markets prices where the farmers' produce are expected to be transported for sale. This method is relatively cost-effective and compatible with African settings. However, capturing the complete nutritional values within the allocation methods is complex. Link: Reddy O, Maji GE, Gajbhiye KS (2002) GIS for morphometric analysis of drainage basins. GIS India 11: 9-14. The objective of this paper was to determine whether the land in Belessa is suitable for surface irrigation. Where a landscape characteristic does not meet the requirements for a particular land use, it constitutes a potential limitation or constraint. Constraints are commonly rated to express the degree of severity to which they may impair land use. It is necessary to determine spatially and quantitatively the potential to expand arable land without jeopardizing food and feed production. Hierarchical organization of individual criteria [18]. Irrigation would provide farmers with sustained livelihoods and improve their general well-being. Shade . Land having limitations, which may be insurmountable. The suitability class of a land parcel concerning market access, road and river proximity is determined by its distance about the road network, a large town, and perennial rivers. Soil texture is important factor of soil physical analysis for surface irrigation suitability evaluation as it determines pore spaces of the soil which influence the soil permeability and infiltration rate [15]. After classified the whole watershed like that each land mapping unite (LMU) was grouped as flat (LMU-4), gentle (LMU-1&2,) and moderately steep (LMU-3) (Table 5). N1 and N2 areas must be excluded from landspreading plans due to the high risk of degradation (environmental, economic, and societal), whereas an improvement or remediation plan should be developed and implemented (Doula etal.,2016). Communication was effective because farmers, extension officers, fertilizer advisors, etc., knew the names of the series and the management requirements of each. endobj Although the California drought has been declared over in early 2017, state regulators continue to impose restrictions on landscape watering.

WebIrrigation suitability land classification investigations are an integral part of multi objective planning for the development and operation of water resource projects with an irrigation component. However, investment in advanced precision irrigation technologies still requires consistent and reliable supplies of water. (2019) illustrates the importance of accounting for feed-food competition. In regard to water resource proximity, majority of the study area (80.85%) is currently suitable (S1). An LUR lower than 1.0 implies that livestock produce more HDP per m2 than the food crops that could be grown there. This was due to the fact that knowledge about the soils was very poor when the system was constructed. Clay soils hold water longer than loamy or sandy soils do, but it also takes longer for water to absorb. The procedure provides for a sifting out of considerations deserving special emphasis in order to avoid needless investigations and unnecessary expense.

ICT-enabled learning and knowledge exchange: The introduction of the agro-advisory system in agriculture has improved the way farmers make their decisions and hence it has improved agricultural production through the dissemination of the knowledge to farmers (Barakabitze etal., 2017a,b; Fue etal., 2015). (2016) is based on the LCA framework, as most LCA studies use economic allocation for the LU between the multifunctional processes. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Olive mill waste: recent advances for the sustainable development of olive oil industry, MAFF,1989; Soil Science Society of America,1986; LIFE-AgroStrat,2016, Advances in modeling saffron growth and development at different scales, From Tosan, M., Alizadeh, A., Ansari, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., 2015.